WEBER-
Mentions the “rise in bureaucracy”, this means we would be ruled by officials and they would gain authority through their charisma and then keep their power through legalities. Weber was quite anti-political, he was interested in power and why we follow rules set out by certain people.
Mentions the “rise in bureaucracy”, this means we would be ruled by officials and they would gain authority through their charisma and then keep their power through legalities. Weber was quite anti-political, he was interested in power and why we follow rules set out by certain people.
The 1950’s and 60’s were a time of prosperity in America and
Keynes was the god of economics.
KEYNES-
Keynes used the Great Depression as an example and a basis for his theory. During a depression people will be forced to work for less because of a surplus in labour. Everyone will need a job but no one will have the money to buy the products. This means that demand will fall so businesses will supply less and need less labour. This can then result in either unemployment or very low wage as people will be desperate for any income they can get.
Keynes’ solution: print more money. By boosting the economy with more money, the government can give businesses subsidies to employ people. Or they can create government schemes that seem pointless e.g. digging holes and filling them in again.
The government should intervene when the economy slows because the private sector would not be able to invest enough.
This is known as military Keynesianism.
However Keynes “managed society” received a lot of criticism from both the far left and right. It has been referred to as a form of “soft totalitarianism”.
Keynes used the Great Depression as an example and a basis for his theory. During a depression people will be forced to work for less because of a surplus in labour. Everyone will need a job but no one will have the money to buy the products. This means that demand will fall so businesses will supply less and need less labour. This can then result in either unemployment or very low wage as people will be desperate for any income they can get.
Keynes’ solution: print more money. By boosting the economy with more money, the government can give businesses subsidies to employ people. Or they can create government schemes that seem pointless e.g. digging holes and filling them in again.
The government should intervene when the economy slows because the private sector would not be able to invest enough.
This is known as military Keynesianism.
However Keynes “managed society” received a lot of criticism from both the far left and right. It has been referred to as a form of “soft totalitarianism”.
J.K. GALBRAITH – (The New Industrial State)-
During the 1950’s and 60’s Americans reached a new level of prosperity, whilst other parts of the world were struggling to rebuild from the devastation of World War 2.
During the 1950’s and 60’s Americans reached a new level of prosperity, whilst other parts of the world were struggling to rebuild from the devastation of World War 2.
Galbraith argues that the industrial system is run by the technostructure rather than business
owners. Technostructure= a few large
corporations control 2/3rds of all economic activity, they are run by people from
technocratic universities. The leadership of these organisations is run by economic planners, scientists, generals, security
experts, propagandists and media maniuplators etc. These people are not some
secret society, they are the fabric of the leadership level of society.
Galbraith says they would all share the same training and the same outlook.
There is no aim to this
system. It is essentially nihilistic, pragmatic “technological-bureaucratic”.
It is extraordinarily violent, for example spending on nuclear weapons.
Heidegger predicted it would reach a violent disintegration and said it was
doomed.
Problems/Criticisms
of the New Industrial State:
1. Increased
role of the state
2. Inflation
3. Keynesian
Military
4. Destruction of
profitability
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